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Gemessen ist das Maximum der Stundenwerte der naechsten DWD-Station ueber Bright Sky, nicht der amtliche Tageshoechstwert aus Zehn-Minuten-Daten; der liegt eher etwas hoeher.","Abweichung = Vorhersage minus Messung: positiv heisst zu warm, negativ zu kuehl.","nach_messung filtert die Faelle mit gemessenem Hitzetag, nach_ansage die mit angesagtem. nach_messung waehlt nach einem Extremwert der Messung aus und ist deshalb auch bei einer kalibrierten Vorhersage negativ (Regression zur Mitte). nach_ansage waere bei einer kalibrierten Vorhersage im Mittel null; eine Abweichung dort ist ein Befund ueber die Ansage. Die gegenprobe zeigt den Auswahleffekt fuer die Faustregeln, misst aber nicht, wie gross er bei den Modellen ist.","spanne95: 95-%-Spanne des mittleren Fehlers aus 1000 Ziehungen ganzer Zieltage (Block-Bootstrap, Perzentile, fester Startwert). Gezogen werden Tage, nicht Faelle: Staedte am selben Tag irren gemeinsam. Benachbarte Tage einer Hitzewelle gelten dabei als unabhaengig; die Spanne ist deshalb eher zu schmal. episoden zaehlt die zusammenhaengenden Folgen von Zieltagen in einer Auswahl.","Die Vorlaeufe sehen wegen der Archivluecken verschiedene Zieltage; gleiche_zieltage rechnet nur auf Stadt-Zieltag-Paaren, die in allen Vorlaeufen 0 bis 7 vorkommen.","Meist ist der gewertete Lauf der vom Vorabend. Die in quelle.spaete_laeufe genannten Ausgabetage hatten keinen; ihr fruehester Lauf entstand erst ab 6 Uhr Ortszeit, nach 12 Uhr kannte er bei Vorlauf 0 schon einen Teil des Tages. Die Faelle zaehlen mit; ohne_spaete_laeufe zeigt die Zahlen ohne sie.","weit_ueber_ueblich: Messung bzw. Vorhersage mindestens 6 K ueber dem ERA5-Mittel 1991-2020 (+/- 3 Tage um den Kalendertag, Gitterzelle von rund 30 km, keine Station). quote_spanne = Anteil der Faelle, in denen die Messung in min..max der Modelle lag.","gegenprobe: nur Faelle, fuer die Persistenz (Messung vom Vortag der Ausgabe) und Klimatologie vorliegen; alle drei Zeilen sehen exakt dieselben Faelle.","Unter 30 Faellen steht statt einer Zahl im Feld zustand der Wert waechst; gab es den Fall nie, keine_faelle.","Verglichen wird eine DWD-Stationsmessung mit einem Modellgitterpunkt.","nicht_pruefbar zaehlt gemessene Hitzetage ohne gewerteten Fall: vor Archivbeginn, in einer Archivluecke (kein Lauf konnte den Tag erreichen) oder aus sonstigem Grund. hoechste_vor_archivbeginn nennt die fuenf hoechsten davon vor dem ersten Ausgabetag (offen auf fuenf begrenzt; die Gesamtzahl steht daneben).","Ein Stundenwert ist eine Untergrenze des Tageshoechstwerts, kein Grund gegen einen Rekord. Amtlich ist ein Wert aber erst als vom DWD geprueftes Tagesmaximum; die Werte hier sind ungeprueft, und bis zum 2026-09-26 konnte die Temperatur ueber Ersatzstationen auch von einer anderen Station kommen.","ohne_staedte_ohne_eigene_temperatur: dieselben Zahlen je Vorlauf ohne die Staedte in staedte_ohne_eigene_temperatur. Deren naechste Station liefert seit dem 2026-09-26 keinen eigenen Hoechstwert mehr; ihre Hoechstwerte davor hat die alte Messregel angenommen, woher sie kamen, haelt das Archiv nicht fest. Laegen sie zu tief, fehlten gemessene Hitzetage. null, wenn es keine solche Stadt 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